Select a global health issue affecting the international health community. Briefly describe the global health issue and its impact on the larger public health care systems (i.e., continents, regions, countries, states, and health departments). Discuss how health care delivery systems work collaboratively to address global health concerns and some of the stakeholders that work on these issues.
Resources within your text covering international/global health, and the websites in the topic materials, will assist you in answering this discussion question.
A global health issue affecting the international health community is cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), especially heart disease and stroke. According to WHO (n.d.), about 17 million people die of heart attacks and strokes every year. Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of these deaths, a risk factor for coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease (n.d.). A sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy eating are also risk factors influencing CVDs.
The total burden of CVDs is illustrated in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost meaning healthy years of life lost. The disease burden in men is 6.8% of DALYs lost due to coronary heart disease and 5% by stroke (World Health Organization, n.d.). In women, the burden is 5.3% DALYs due to coronary heart disease and 5.2% due to stroke (World Health Organization, n.d.). Globally, the health care costs attributed to smoking-related illnesses lead to US$200 billion per year in a net loss. According to the US CDC (2019), more than 859,000 Americans die of CVDs every year. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the US, while stroke is the fifth leading. The two diseases lead to about $320 billion in health care expenses every year (2019).
The WHO (n.d.) Cardiovascular Program works to bring together organizations that can help prevent these diseases. The World Heart Federation helps people achieve longer and better healthy lives through prevention and control of CVDs in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) (n.d.). In the United States, the CDC Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention (DHDSP) collaborates with the government, public health, health care, and private sectors to improve prevention, detection, and control of CVD risk factors (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019). Countries across the globe have enacted laws that work to reduce smoking through policies like high taxation, bans, smoke-free areas, and health warnings. The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control works to minimize tobacco use in member countries.
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). CDC works to prevent heart disease and stroke and promote heart health. https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/factsheets/heart-disease-stroke.htm
World Health Organization. (n.d.). Cardiovascular disease. https://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/resources/atlas/en/
Shana Fogelman
Posted Date
Jan 7, 2022, 11:41 PM
Replies to Margaret Kamara
One global health issue that is affecting the international health community, and has been affecting the international health community since its first case in 1981, is HIV. HIV is a virus that is transmitted through certain body fluids that weakens the immune system by destroying cells that fight disease and infection, and can lead to the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, also known as AIDS (Global Health Policy, 2021). HIV is one of the world’s most serious health and developmental challenges. “Approximately 38 million people are currently living with HIV, and tens of millions of people have died of AIDS-related causes since the beginning of the epidemic” (Global Health Policy, 2021). Significant progress has been made over the past two decades where the number of people newly infected with HIV and the number of AIDS-related deaths have declined over the years, and the number of those with HIV receiving treatment increased to 25.4 million in 2019 (Global Health policy, 2021). Although improvements have been made, there are still challenges that continue to complicate HIV control efforts. Many people live with HIV or are at risk due to not having access to prevention, treatment, and care, and there is still no cure (Global Health policy, 2021).
In recent decades, major global efforts have been mounted to address the epidemic, and despite these challenges, significant progress has been made in addressing HIV. International efforts to combat HIV began in the first decade of the epidemic with the creation of the WHO’s Global Programme on AIDS in 1987 (Global Health policy, 2021). “Under Sustainable Development Goal 3, the global community agreed to aim to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. However, while gains have been made, they have been uneven, and the interim “90-90-90” targets were missed. A United Nations. high-level meeting reviewing progress toward the 2030 goals will take place in June 2021” (Global Health policy, 2021). Working together with other countries helps to reduce the vulnerability of the population to illness and works to halt spread of health risks across international borders. “The CDC partners with other U.S. agencies and international organizations to prevent, detect, and respond to any threats regarding global health security; such as ongoing threats like HIV” (Green, 2018).
References:
Green, S. Z. (2018). Community & Public Health: The Future of Health Care. Retrieved from
https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs427vn/community-and-public-health-the-future-of-health-
care/v1.1/#/chapter/2
The Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic. (2021, August 9). KFF. https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-global-hivaids-epidemic/
Sharon Dube
replied toShana Fogelman
Jan 8, 2022, 8:31 AM
Replies to Shana Fogelman
Great post. HIV/AIDS has indeed shaken a lot of continents around the world which is why a number of organizations have formed united fronts in the fight against this deadly infection. The US Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) is the US Governments response to the epidemic and provides finance and resources to curb the spread of HIV. Through PEPFAR, the US has supported world safety and this has strengthened the global capacity to prevent, identify and treat new and existing risks. The National Institute of Health represents the largest public investment and engages in research to understand, diagnose, treat and prevent HIV. This institution is also working to find a cure for HIV. The Center for disease prevention and control (CDC) works works with the ministries of health, civil and faith based organizations to improve methods of finding, treating and preventing HIV. (HIV.gov 2021)
Replies to Margaret Kamara
The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health issue that has greatly affected the international health community. The pandemic continues to impact the daily life of the global population. It has resulted in the devastation of economies and caused major challenges to healthcare systems around the world. One of the larger impacts is that it has overwhelmed healthcare systems around the world affecting the diagnosis, treatment, and research of many other diseases. In many cases, treatment for diseases and conditions has been put on hold to allow all available resources to address the immediate threat of COVID-19. This has allowed other world health issues to go unaddressed while still being very real problems. (Cuffari, 2021) The impacts of the pandemic have been felt differently depending on ethnicity, country, state, and healthcare systems in place in the different areas around the world. These different areas have had to take a variety of approaches to mitigate the spread of the disease and provide treatment to those who contract it. The pandemic has created barriers, along with supply shortages throughout the different parts of the healthcare system, and limited their ability to work together to address the pandemic and other health issues. Health care systems must work together across the health care continuum to address global health issues. To achieve this, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) works with other global partners to expand and strengthen critical public health services around the world. They work with a variety of stakeholders and partners in this effort which includes, foreign governments and ministries of health; other U.S. government agencies; the World Health Organization and other international organizations; academic institutions, foundations, non-governmental organizations, faith-based organizations, and businesses and other private organizations; at the country, state, local, and community levels. By working collaboratively, we can improve international healthcare systems and ensure that the entire world will be better prepared to address global health threats. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017)
Important information for writing discussion questions and participation
Welcome to class
Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to
I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you.
Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted.
If you think you would be needing accommodations due to any reasons, please contact the appropriate department to request accommodations.
Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.
Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.
I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!
Hi Class,
Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.
Contact me if you have any questions.
Important information on Writing a Discussion Question
- Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
- There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
- Include in-text citations in your response
- Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
- Follow APA-7th edition
- Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor
- A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
- Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
- Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
- Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
- Follow APA 7th edition
- Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
- Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
- Here are some helpful links
- Student paper example
- Citing Sources
- The Writing Center is a great resource
